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summer tanager
The summer tanager (''Piranga rubra''), is a medium-sized American songbird. Formerly placed in the tanager family (Thraupidae), it and other members of its genus are now classified in the cardinal family (Cardinalidae).〔Remsen, J. V., Jr., C. D. Cadena, A. Jaramillo, M. Nores, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, T. S. Schulenberg, F. G. Stiles, D. F. Stotz, and K. J. Zimmer. Version (). 〕〔''CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses'' by John B. Dunning Jr. (Editor). CRC Press (1992), ISBN 978-0-8493-4258-5.〕 Adult males are rose red and similar in appearance to the hepatic tanager, although the latter has a dark bill; females are orangish on the underparts and olive on top, with olive-brown wings and tail. As with all other birds, all red and orange colorations are acquired through their diet.
These birds are often out of sight, foraging high in trees, sometimes flying out to catch insects in flight. They mainly eat insects, especially bees and wasps, and berries. Fruit of ''Cymbopetalum mayanum'' (Annonaceae) are an especially well-liked food in their winter quarters and birds will forage in human-altered habitat.〔Foster, Mercedes S. (2007): The potential of fruiting trees to enhance converted habitats for migrating birds in southern Mexico. ''Bird Conservation International'' 17(1): 45-61. (PDF fulltext )〕 Consequently, these trees can be planted to entice them to residential areas, and they may well be attracted to bird feeders. Summer tanagers build a cup nest on a horizontal tree branch.
== Voice ==
The summer tanager has an American robin-like song, similar enough that novices sometimes mistake this bird for that species. The song consists of melodic units, repeated in a constant stream. The summer tanager's song, however, is much more monotonous than that of ''T. migratorius'', often consisting of as few as three or four distinct units. It is clearer and less nasal than the song of the scarlet tanager.
The summer tanager also has a sharp, agitated-sounded call ''pi-tuk'' or ''pik-i-tuk-i-tuk''.〔Peterson, Roger Tory & Peterson, Virginia Marie (2002): ''Field Guide to the Birds of Eastern and Central North America'' (5th ed.). Houghton Mifflin, Boston. ISBN 0-395-74046-0〕
==References==
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